ref-qualifiers

C++11 introduced the ability to "ref-qualifier" methods. The most known qualifier is the const one:

however now is also possible to ref-qualify *this

let see how this can be of any use. Immagine to have a factory building heavy objects and returning them by copy this way:

in the following scenario we can avoid an useless copy:

we can avoid the copy if Jumbo is movable overloading the method getJumboByCopy in case the object on which I'm calling it is a temporary:

To be honest the example shows a scenario with other problems than the one mentioned (for instance if the object Jumbo is so big why permitting the copy then?) but I hope you got the idea.